Asian Collection at the Center for Puppetry Arts, The chanter/singer (tayu) and the shamisen player provide the essential music of the traditional Japanese puppet theater. Unlike kabuki, which emphasizes the performance of the main actors, bunraku simultaneously demonstrates elements of presentation (directly attempting to invoke a certain response) and representation (trying to express the ideas or the feelings of the author). Originally, the term bunraku referred only to the particular theater established in 1805 in Osaka, which was named the Bunrakuza after the puppeteering ensemble of Uemura Bunrakuken (植村文楽軒, 1751–1810), an early 18th-century puppeteer from Awaji, whose efforts revived the flagging fortunes of the traditional puppet theatre. It is used in many plays. Usually a single chanter recites all the characters' parts, altering his vocal pitch and style in order to portray the various characters in a scene. For the 2010 film, see, Asian Collection at the Center for Puppetry Arts, "Bunraku Bay performs with 300-year-old troupe", The Barbara Curtis Adachi Bunraku Collection, UNESCO: a list of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, Facts and details: Bunraku, Japanese puppet theater, Council of Wise Men of the plain of Murcia, Brotherhood of the Holy Spirit of the Congos of Villa Mella, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bunraku&oldid=998202876, Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Japanese-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2016, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 4 January 2021, at 08:06. Kabuki theater and ningyō jōruri, an elaborate form of puppet theater later known as bunraku, became closely associated with each other, mutually influencing the other's further development. The kugutsu-mawashi were itinerants and as a result were treated as outcasts by the educated, richer class of Japanese society at the time. Controls for all movements of parts of the head are located on a handle that extends down from the neck of the puppet and are reached by the main puppeteer inserting his or her left hand into the chest of the puppet through a hole in the back of the torso. [citation needed]. Since the end of World War II, the number of troupes has dropped to fewer than 40, most of which perform only once or twice a year, often in conjunction with local festivals. Jump to navigation Jump to search. Pemain shamisen Kadang-kadang, instrumen lainnya seperti drum taiko turut digunakan. ), raconte une histoire, accompagné au shamisen et au taiko. The theater offers five or more shows every year, each running for two to three weeks in Osaka before moving to Tokyo for a run at the National Theater. In kabuki, actors insert puns on their names, ad-libs, references to contemporary happenings and other things which deviate from the script. Listes du patrimoine culturel immatériel de l'humanité : patrimoine culturel immatériel de l'humanité, Du texte à la scène, le théâtre de marionnettes en mutation, http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/ebisu_1340-3656_2011_num_45_1_1741, http://dspace.wul.waseda.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2065/36893/1/BungakuKenkyukaKiyo2_56_Bizet.pdf, Patrimoine oral et immatériel de l'humanité, « Le théâtre de marionnettes Ningyo Johruri Bunraku », patrimoine culturel immatériel de l'humanité, Démonstration de Bunraku et entretien avec des membres du Théâtre National du Bunraku, Le théâtre de marionnettes Ningyo Johruri Bunraku, Le Yuki-tsumugi, technique de production de soierie, Le Kumiodori, théâtre traditionnel musical d’Okinawa, Le Sada Shin Noh, danse sacrée au sanctuaire de Sada, Shimane, Le Mibu no Hana Taue, rituel du repiquage du riz à Mibu, Hiroshima, Le Nachi no Dengaku, art religieux du spectacle pratiqué lors de la « fête du feu de Nachi », Le washoku, traditions culinaires des Japonais, en particulier pour fêter le Nouvel An, Le washi, savoir-faire du papier artisanal traditionnel japonais, Yama, Hoko, Yatai, festivals de chars au Japon, Les Raiho-shin, visites rituelles de divinités masquées et costumées, Les savoir-faire, les techniques et les connaissances traditionnels liés à la conservation et à la transmission de l'architecture en bois au Japon, Portail du patrimoine culturel immatériel, https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bunraku&oldid=152720781, Patrimoine culturel immatériel de l'humanité au Japon, Portail:Patrimoine culturel immatériel/Articles liés, licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions, comment citer les auteurs et mentionner la licence. [1], Bunraku's history goes as far back as the 16th century but the origins of the modern form can be traced to the 1680s. Enquête sur le bunraku ». The increase in interest in bunraku puppetry has contributed to the establishment of the first traditional Japanese puppet troupe in North America. Bunraku form of traditional Japanese puppet theatre. History of Ningyo Joruri Bunraku Before explaining Ningyo Joruri, I need to talk about Joruri briefly. Bunraku - also called ningyô jôruri ("tell stories with puppets") - is a traditional Japanese puppet theater that has its origin in the 17th century (Edo period). The heads of the puppets (kashira) are divided into categories according to gender, social class and personality. In most performances only a shamisen player and a chanter perform the music for an act. This is a Bunraku puppet. ), còn được gọi là Ningyō jōruri (人形浄瑠璃 (Nhân Hình Tịnh Lưu Ly), ? Three kinds of performers take part in a bunraku performance: the Ningyōtsukai or Ningyōzukai (), the Tayū (), and shamisen musicians. From a puppetry family of Awaji Island (see Awaji Ningyō-Za) in the Inland Sea, a traditional puppet area, Uemura Bunrakuken I (1737 [1751? Some traditional puppet theaters have a revolving platform for the chanter and shamisen player, which rotates bringing replacement musicians for the next scene. In this way attention is given to both visual and musical aspects of the puppets as well as the performance and the text. Penyanyi johruri disebut tayū, dan menyanyi dengan iringan musik shamisen. Their new puppet theater, the Takemoto-za, played a significant role in the culture of Osaka for about eighty years. Ningyo Joruri Bunraku (It is also called Nigyo Joruri or simply Bunraku) is one of the traditional Japanese theatrical arts. François Bizet, « Un “barbare” au théâtre. Harmony between these two musicians determines the quality of their contribution to the performance.[3]. est un type de théâtre japonais datant du XVIIe siècle. désigne à la fois la poupée et la marionnette.. In order to keep the costumes soft they are lined with cotton.[7]. Le jōruri (浄瑠璃?) Many practitioners in the traditional puppetry world, particularly those in the National Theater, describe the long training period, which often requires ten years on the feet, ten years on the left hand, and ten years on the head of secondary characters before finally developing the requisite skills to move to the manipulation of the head of a main character, as an artistic necessity. Occasionally other instruments such as taiko drums will be used. El bunraku (文楽,? The blinded screens are just above these small curtains, and they have special blinds made from bamboo so that the audience cannot see inside. Le bunraku (文楽?) As a form of entertainment, the men would operate small hand puppets and put on miniature theatre performances, while women were often skilled in dancing and magic tricks which they used to tempt travelers to spend the night with them. Puppeteers begin their training by operating the feet, then move on to the left hand, before being able to train as the main puppeteer. Le bunraku a deux sources, la tradition du récit accompagné de musique et celle des marionnettes.Strictement parlant, le bunraku dérive du ningyō jōruri (人形浄瑠璃?, « marionnettes et déclamation »).En japonais, ningyō (人形?) Les personnages y sont représentés par des marionnettes de grande taille, manipulées à vue. Istilah bunraku khususnya digunakan untuk ninyo johruri (sandiwara boneka dengan pengiring musik johruri) yang berkembang di Osaka. Cet article concerne le théâtre japonais. The stage of Bunraku is large as a puppet theater. The story of the forty-seven rōnin is also famous in both bunraku and kabuki. Three kinds of performers take part in a bunraku performance: the Ningyōtsukai or Ningyōzukai (puppeteers), the … Located in the area behind the second partition is often called the pit and it is where the puppeteers stand in order to carry out the puppets' lifelike movements. This stage looks from an angle of the audience, the right side is referred to as the kamite (stage left), while the left side is referred to as the shimote (stage right). Doors open at 5:00 PM; Show begins at 6:00 PM; Expected to conclude at 7:30 PM ; Venue: Tomioka Silk Mill. Until the late 1800s there were also hundreds of other professional, semi-professional, and amateur troupes across Japan that performed traditional puppet drama. The National Bunraku Theatre also tours within Japan and occasionally abroad. Dayuu tells both the story and the words of the characters. Already documented by the 8th century, it boomed in the 13th century through blind biwa bōshi (monks playing a Chinese lute or biwa). These garments typically include a sash and a collar as well as an under robe (juban), an inner kimono (kitsuke), a vest (haori) or an outer robe (uchikake). Traditional three-man puppet-theatre bunraku (文楽) should properly be called jōruri ayatsuri (浄瑠璃操り) or ningyō jōruri (人形浄瑠璃). The whole environment that gave birth to these puppet shows is reflected in the themes. Bunraku (文楽), also known as Ningyō jōruri (人形浄瑠璃), is a form of traditional Japanese puppet theatre, founded in Osaka in the beginning of the 17th century. ** Ningyō Jōruri: another word for Bunraku. The ensemble is then fixed on a copper plate. Located to the side of the stage the tayu physically demonstrates facial expressions of each character while performing their respective voices. The left puppeteer, known as the hidarizukai or sashizukai, depending on the tradition of the troupe, manipulates the left hand of the puppet with his or her own right hand by means of a control rod that extends back from the elbow of the puppet. Stage. Bunraku (文楽) også kaldet Ningyō jōruri (人形浄瑠璃) er en traditionel form for japansk dukketeater der blev grundlagt i Osaka i starten af det 17. århundrede.Det er en sammenblanding af flere kunstformer: traditionelt dukkespil, joruri (recitation af en dramatisk tekst) og ledsagende musik (det trestrengede japanske instrument shamisen). Both troupes, which trace their histories back more than 300 years, perform frequently and are also active in nurturing a new generation of traditional puppeteers and expanding knowledge of puppetry through training programs at local middle schools and by teaching American university students in summer academic programs at their home theaters. This is also done to maximize the emotional aspects for the audience. However, the dezukai practice established later in the bunraku form would let the actors be seen on stage moving with the puppets, nulling the use of the curtains. Strictement parlant, le bunraku dérive du ningyō jōruri (人形浄瑠璃 , « marionnettes et déclamation »). Bunraku (jap. Occasionally other instruments such as taiko drums will be used. Bunraku (文楽), also known as Ningyō jōruri (人形浄瑠璃), is a form of traditional Japanese puppet theatre, founded in Osaka in the beginning of the 17th century. Occasionally multiple chanters are used. In the area between upstage and downstage, there are three stage positions, known as "railings" (tesuri). ningyō jōruri, boneka jōruri). To ensure that the puppet head is not damaged, the finishing of the hairstyle is made with water and bee's wax, not oil. In bunraku the futo-zao shamisen which is the largest shamisen as well as that of the lowest register, is employed. [4][5], The preparation of the hair constitutes an art in and of itself. The instruments most frequently used are flutes, in particular the shakuhachi, the koto and various percussion instruments. Bunraku puppetry has been a documented traditional … Bunraku (), also known as Ningyō jōruri (人形浄瑠璃), is a form of traditional Japanese puppet theatre, founded in Osaka in the beginning of the 17th century. It rose to popularity after the playwright Chikamatsu Monzaemon (1653–1724) began a collaboration with the magnificent chanter Takemoto Gidayu (1651–1714), who established the Takemoto puppet theater in Osaka in 1684. The Imada Puppet Troupe, which has performed in France, Taiwan, and the United States, as well as the Kuroda Puppet Troupe are located in the city of Iida, in Nagano Prefecture. Updated October 21, 2020 The previously announced Hatsune Miku performance, Ningyō jōruri – BUNRAKU-beyond, now has its main visual and merchandise revealed! 文楽), dar žinomas kaip ningyō jōruri (jap. Carved bamboo is attached to create the hips of the puppet, arms and legs are tied to the body with lengths of rope. Every play begins with a short ritual in which the tayu, kneeling behind a small but ornate lectern, reverentially lifts his or her copy of the script to demonstrate devotion to a faithful rendering of the text. François Bizet, « Au “bunraku”. The tayu performs not only the voice of each of the characters, but also serves as the narrator of the play. Marioneta japonesa. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. Journal d'une rencontre ». Bunraku is particularly noted for lovers' suicide plays. Bunraku(文楽) /Ningyō jōruri (人形浄瑠璃) Jonas Novaki Universität Trier, Wintersemester 2018/19 Fachbereich II, Japanologie Sven Schürkes M.A./Benedikt Vogel M.A. Stage of Bunraku, 1 osaka 231 bunraku jap nov14, Photo by u dou . The carved wooden kashira is attached to the head grip, or dogushi, and thrust down an opening out of the puppet's shoulder. The chanters sit next to the shamisen player. In plays with supernatural themes, a puppet may be constructed so that its face can quickly transform into that of a demon. The Tonda Puppet Troupe (冨田人形共遊団) of Shiga Prefecture, founded in the 1830s, has toured the United States and Australia on five occasions and has been active in hosting academic programs in Japan for American university students who wish to train in traditional Japanese puppetry. Performers: Tamasuke Yoshida, … The most accurate term for the traditional puppet theater in Japan is ningyō jōruri. It is here that the chanter and the shamisen player make their appearance, and, when they are finished, it turns once more, bringing them backstage and placing the next performers on the stage.[10]. Three kinds of performers take part in a bunraku performance: the Ningyōtsukai or Ningyōzukai (puppeteers), the tayū (chanters), and shamisen musicians. Bunraku, also known as Ningyō jōruri, is considered to be Japan's traditional style of puppet theatre. The joshiki-maku is a large, low hanging curtain hanging off of a ledge called the san-n-tesuri. Shamisen accompanies the dayuu, and the player plays it when the dayuu tells a story and sings. Jōruri atau ditulis sebagai johruri adalah sebutan untuk naskah dalam bentuk nyanyian. However, in a culture like that of Japan, which privileges seniority, the system can also be considered a mechanism to manage competition among artistic egos and provide for a balance among the demographics of the puppeteers in a troupe in order to fill each role. Tiga jenis pemain dalam pertunjukan Bunraku: 1. All but the most minor characters require three puppeteers, who perform in full view of the audience, generally wearing black robes. Historique. Stories were drawn from the Heike legends, which trace the confrontation between the Taira and … Les savoir-faire, les techniques et les connaissances traditionnels liés à la conservation et à la transmission de l'architecture en bois au Japon (2020). Bunraku companies, performers, and puppet makers have been designated "Living National Treasures" under Japan's program for preserving its culture. The hair is made from human hair, however yak tail can be added to create volume. They have also performed alongside the Imada Puppet Troupe. The narrator is called "dayuu". Bunraku and kabuki are closely related with respect to the content of plays. While performing multiple characters simultaneously the tayu facilitates the distinction between characters by exaggerating their emotions and voices. The shape of the puppeteers' hoods also varies, depending on the school to which the puppeteer belongs. ), és el nom genèric pel qual és conegut el teatre de marionetes japonès Ningyō jōruri (人形浄瑠璃,?) Tayū – penyanyi 3. When bunraku emerged in Japan around four centuries ago, it was known as ningyō jōruri, ningyō meaning puppets and jōruri referring to a distinctive chanting style. The heads and hands of traditional puppets are carved by specialists, while the bodies and costumes are often constructed by puppeteers. It was born by combining the puppet show with Shamisen music and Joruri. Occasionally other instruments such as taiko drums will be used. (marionetes i històries explicades). Bunraku, also known as Ningyō jōruri, is a form of traditional Japanese puppet theatre. La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 3 octobre 2018 à 16:17. There is no torso to the puppet, as it would merely block out the puppeteer's range of movement of the individual limbs. The isho, or costume of the doll is then sewn on to cover over any cloth, wooden or bamboo parts that the artist doesn't wish to be seen. Il est à l'origine du théâtre bunraku, aussi appelé ningyō-jōruri (人形浄瑠璃? These terms stress the two major elements of the art: performed to the accompaniment of recited narrative music (jōruri) known as gidayū bushi, it involves the manipulation (ayatsuri) of puppets (ningyō). The puppeteers stood behind the joshiki-maku, holding their puppets above the curtain while being hidden from the audience. These mostly blind storytellers were under the protection of religious centres. Bunraku shares many themes with kabuki. Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. A popular form of entertainment for ordinary people, Bunraku started in Osaka during the time of the Samurai - around 1684.. As Osaka is the birthplace of this art form, it should come as no surprise that the city has its very own National Bunraku Theater. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Tonda Puppet Troupe (冨田人形共遊団, Tonda ningyō kyōyūdan), founded in the 1830s, is one of the most active groups performing traditional ningyō jōruri or Bunraku puppetry in Japan, and has been officially designated an Intangible Cultural Treasure. En japonais, ningyō (人形 ) désigne à la fois la poupée et la marionnette.. ]-1810) founded the theatre in Osaka in the 1790s. The heads can be quite sophisticated mechanically. Bunraku puppetry has been a documented traditional activity for Japanese people for hundreds of years. Long material is draped over the front and back of the shoulder board, followed by the attachment of cloth. Upon this auxiliary stage there is a special rotating platform. Le Bunraku, d’abord connu sous le nom de Ningyô jôruri, fut créé vers la fin du XVIe siècle par Menukiya Chouzaburou en collaboration avec un marionnettiste de l’île Awaji [1].Pendant le XIIe siècle, le nom jôruri est devenu synonyme de narration, car il référait à de nombreux récits à propos de Minamoto no Yoshitsune et de son amante, la princesse Jôruri. A third puppeteer, the ashizukai, operates the feet and legs. Category:Bunraku. The puppets are about one meter tall and are manipulated by up to three persons. The combination of chanting and shamisen playing is called jōruri and the Japanese word for puppet (or dolls, generally) is ningyō. Bunraku (文楽), juga dikenal sebagai Ningyō jōruri (人形净瑠璃), adalah teater boneka tradisional Jepang, didirikan di Osaka pada tahun 1684. est un genre de spectacle traditionnel japonais, où un narrateur, le jōrurikatari (浄瑠璃語り? The most accurate term for the traditional puppet theater in Japan is ningyō jōruri (人形浄瑠璃). The process of dressing or redressing the puppets by the puppeteers is called koshirae. [11], This article is about the traditional form of Japanese puppet theatre. The puppets are made to appear and then leave the stage through the small black curtains. [2] The Center for Puppetry Arts in Atlanta, Georgia, has an extensive variety of bunraku puppets in its Asian collection. A few regional troupes, however, continue to perform actively. [6], The costumes are designed by a costume master and are composed of a series of garments with varying colors and patterns. The script is presented at the beginning of each act as well. “Bunraku (文楽), also known as Ningyō jōruri (人形浄瑠璃), is a form of traditional Japanese puppet theatre, founded in Osaka at the beginning of the 17th century. The puppets of the Osaka tradition tend to be somewhat smaller overall, while the puppets in the Awaji tradition are some of the largest as productions in that region tend to be held outdoors. The performer accompanied himself on the four-string biwa. Le bunraku a deux sources, la tradition du récit accompagné de musique et celle des marionnettes. The hair distinguishes the character and can also indicate certain personality traits. The heads are in effect repainted and prepared before each presentation. Bunraku (文楽), also known as Ningyō jōruri (人形浄瑠璃), is a form of traditional Japanese puppet theatre, founded in Osaka in the beginning of 17th century. It juts out into the audience area at the front right area of the seats. The shamisen used in bunraku is slightly larger than other kinds of shamisen and has a different sound, lower in pitch and with a fuller tone. Es caracteritza per la unió de tres arts escèniques diferents, les marionetes (ningyō), la recitació (jōruri) a càrrec del recitador (tayū) i la música del shamisen. Ningyōtsukai atau Ningyōzukai – dalang 2. The most famous bunraku playwright was Chikamatsu Monzaemon. He opened first a training centre for ningyō jōruri and then in 1805 he formed a … As the clothing of the puppets wear out or are soiled the clothing is replaced by the puppeteers. Key visual: まおう / Maou **UPDATE ON OCTOBER 15 2020** The official PR trailer for the event has been released on the official Sekaiisangekijou YouTube channel: Date & Time (JST): October 25, 2020. Upload media Wikipedia: Instance of: theatrical genre: Location: Japan: Authority control Q243170 GND ID: 4250589-6 Library of Congress authority ID: sh85018012 Bibliothèque nationale de France ID: … Bunraku (文 (ぶん) 楽 (らく) (Văn Lạc), ? Osaka is the home of the government-supported troupe at National Bunraku Theatre. ). Since 2003, the Bunraku Bay Puppet Troupe, based at the University of Missouri in Columbia, Missouri, has performed at venues around the United States, including the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts and the Smithsonian Institution, as well as in Japan. The Awaji Puppet Troupe, located on Awaji Island southwest of Kobe, offers short daily performances and more extensive shows at its own theater and has toured the United States, Russia and elsewhere abroad. Pour le film, voir, Le théâtre de marionnettes Ningyo Johruri Bunraku *. The oral delivery of texts is a venerable Japanese tradition that belonged to itinerant storytellers who spread legends and edifying stories. ), Nhân hình tịnh lưu ly), là một thể loại kịch rối … 人形浄瑠璃), yra tradicinio japoniško lėlių teatro šaka, susiformavusi Osakoje 1684 m. Bunraku pasirodyme dalyvauja trijų tipų artistai: ningyōtsukai arba ningyōzukai lėlininkai, taju giedotojai ir šamisen grojantys muzikantai. Inhalt Übersicht I-II Chikamatsu I-III Quellen Inhalt & Übersicht (Ningyō) Jōruri I Übersicht I Eine der beiden wichtigsten [9], This is the auxiliary stage upon which the gidayu-bushi is performed. Bunraku is an author's theater, as opposed to kabuki, which is a performer's theater. The main puppeteer, the omozukai, uses his right hand to control the right hand of the puppet, and uses his left hand to control the puppet's head. A doll's skeletal structure is simple. In Bunraku, a narrator tells the drama with shamisen. The combination of chanting and shamisen playing is called jōruri and the Japanese word for puppet (or dolls, generally) is ningyō. It is used to separate the area where the audience is sitting from the main stage. In most traditions, all puppeteers also wear black hoods over their heads, but a few others, including the National Bunraku Theater, leave the main puppeteer unhooded, a style of performance known as dezukai. Finally, a slit is created in the back of the costume in order for the chief puppeteer to firmly handle the dogushi head stick.[8]. In bunraku, prior to the performance, the chanter holds up the text and bows before it, promising to follow it faithfully. Ningyō-jōruri assumed the characteristic form that would later be called bunraku through the collaboration between tayū Takemoto Gidayū (1651–1724) and playwright Chikamatsu Monzaemon (1653–1725) in 1684. Certain heads are created for specific roles, others can be employed for several different performances by changing the clothing and the paint. Three kinds of performers take part in a bunraku performance: the Ningyōtsukai or Ningyōzukai (puppeteers), the Tayū (chanters), and shamisen musicians. Le jōruri. Less complex heads may have eyes that move up and down, side to side or close, and noses, mouths, and eyebrows that move. Despite their complex training the puppeteers originated from a very destitute background. In fact, many plays were adapted for performance both by actors in kabuki and by puppet troupes in bunraku. Théâtre national de bunraku à Ōsaka En 1811, un petit jōruri d'Ōsaka était le seul endroit où se tenaient régulièrement des représentations de jōruri. With more than 100 plays to his credit, he is sometimes called the Shakespeare of Japan. The role of the tayu is to express the emotions and the personality of the puppets.
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