It produced some of China's most beautiful poetry, as men weary of the instability and violence of the age sought refuge in nature, good wine, and friendship. Although social inequality increased and environmental degradation became a serious issue, living standards improved, especially in China's cities. But in 1992, Deng Xiaoping visited Shenzhen and Zhuhai, two of China's 'Special Economic Zones', as well as Shanghai - in a dramatic 'Southern Tour' designed to give heart to the reformers. Nationality: BRITISH. In 1945, the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki led to Japan's surrender, and Japanese troops left China. In 1928, Chiang's Nationalists at last united all of China, and established a their capital in Nanjing. The USA tried to persuade China's Nationalist leader Chiang Kai-shek to work together with the communists to establish a government for China, but the attempts failed, and full-scale civil war broke out between the Nationalists and the Communists. The people were said to have suffered from high taxes to pay for extravagances such as these. On the night of 3rd-4th June, tanks and soldiers crushed the demonstrations in Beijing, and hundreds of people were killed. Xu Xiake (1587-1641) was a Chinese travel writer and geographer. Many elite scholar-gentry interacted with Ricci, and some converted to Christianity. After 860, the government could no longer maintain order, and bandit armies ravaged the countryside and pillaged towns. It paved the way for other industrialized countries to covet the same opportunities, and China signed many more 'unequal treaties'. Marco Polo lived in China for twenty years, and probably became an accounting official in the Chinese government. Farmers used new strains of seed, and new irrigation techniques, which massively increased rice crops. Mao Zedong (1893-1976) was a communist revolutionary who became leader of the Chinese Communist Party and established the People's Republic of China. In 1163, Song Emperor Xiaozong exonerated Yue Fei … British commercial interests pushed for war with China, and the British sent in gunboats. This was a new challenge to the Chinese empire. She was finally deposed in 705, when she was over eighty, and buried at the Tang imperial tomb site at Qianling, near Xi'an. Macao became an important location along the rapidly developing international trade routes. The move backfired, and Chiang Kai-shek won over the successor Manchurian warlord, thereby in 1928 reunifying China. These included women, of whom the most famous was Qiu Jin who was executed in 1907 for plotting to overthrow the Qing. His men were sometimes met with hostility, with roads blocked and bridges broken, and were sometimes even assaulted. After the establishment of the People's Republic in 1949, China was united under a strong government for the first time for generations. Cixi revoked almost all of the emperor's edicts. At the time, the Ming dynasty was crumbling. They were captured by the Xiongnu and held for twelve years. 112 talking about this. In 2008, Beijing hosted the Summer Olympics and the Paralympic Games. China sued for peace, and in 1895 signed the Treaty of Shimonoseki. Kangxi was ruthless to people in senior positions who had supported the rebels, but lenient to those who had simply been caught up in the war, including the women and children in the rebel camps. Yangzhou became a great economic centre, where goods from China's interior and from overseas were trans-shipped and sent up the Grand Canal to the cities of the north. The Dream of the Red Chamber, one of China's greatest novels, was written in the mid 1700s during the Qing dynasty. Bronzes came to be a symbol of power. The CCP today has 88 million members, and is the ruling political party of the People's Republic of China. The prestige of government posts rose, and in order to become government officials men strove to display their learning and Confucian virtue. The communists faced frequent attacks from Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalists, and had to deal with appallingly difficult terrain, bad weather, disease and starvation. The shells and bones are known as 'oracle bones'. Because the huge western demand for Chinese products had not been matched by Chinese demand for British products such as wool and cotton, British traders turned to opium. Beijing Olympics. Yue Fei … Liu Bang was a man from an ordinary background who founded the Han dynasty. The city of Suzhou became famous for silk production and embroidery. They took the city with ease, and the Qing government was forced to sign a peace treaty known as the Boxer Protocol. Market towns grew, and new commercial networks connected villages to market towns and cities. Whether myth or man, Yue Fei remains a potent symbol of loyalty to the state and resistance against foreign conquest . China's Han emperors needed to secure order in China, but avoid the harshness of the Qin regime that preceded it.
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