Definition of rostral. [68] Usually, the eyes are arranged in two roughly parallel, horizontal and symmetrical rows of eyes. Maria G. Cersosimo, Eduardo E. Benarroch, in Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 2013 Rostral ventrolateral medulla. As part of defining and describing terms, the body is described through the use of anatomical planes and anatomical axes. rostral. rostral [ros´tral] 1. pertaining to, resembling, or having a rostrum or beak. Using the H(2)(15)O PET method, we investigated whether previous findings of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) changes in the polar and superior rostral aspects of the frontal lobes (principally Brodmann's area (BA) 10) during prospective memory (PM) paradigms (i.e. "Proximal and distal" are frequently used when describing appendages, such as fins, tentacles, and limbs. There is typically no basis for the definition of a third axis. adj. Two specialized terms are useful in describing views of arachnid legs and pedipalps. 1 antonyms for Rostral (opposite of Rostral). Rostral. directed toward or situated at the back; opposite of anterior. 1 : of or relating to a rostrum. cephalic. Additionally, for some animals such as invertebrates, some terms may not have any meaning at all; for example, an animal that is radially symmetrical will have no anterior surface, but can still have a description that a part is close to the middle ("proximal") or further from the middle ("distal"). In all cases, the usage of terms is dependent on the body plan of the organism. Organisms that are attached to a substrate, such as sponges, animal-like protists also have distinctive ends. Examples of how to use “rostral” in a sentence from the Cambridge Dictionary Labs This helps avoid confusion in terminology when referring to the same organism in different postures. The opposite end then becomes the posterior end. Usually such organisms are planktonic (free-swimming) protists, and are nearly always viewed on microscope slides, where they appear essentially two-dimensional. Standard anatomical and zoological terms of location have been developed, usually based on Latin and Greek words, to enable all biological and medical scientists, veterinarians, doctors and anatomists to precisely delineate and communicate information about animal bodies and their organs, even though the meaning of some of the terms often is context-sensitive. For example, it is very confusing to say the dorsal fin of a dolphin is "right of" the left pectoral fin, but is "left of" the right eye, but much easier and clearer to say "the dorsal fin is medial to the pectoral fins". These terms are not used to form the fixed axes. the parotid duct, usually at its most rostral portion, just before it opens into the vestibule opposite the third upper cheek tooth (Triadan 108 or 208) with very few cases affecting the mandibular duct [2, 3, 8]. Cnidarians (jellyfish, sea anemones and corals) have an incomplete digestive system, meaning that one end of the organism has a mouth, and the opposite end has no opening from the gut (coelenteron). Thus the elbow is distal to a wound on the upper arm, but proximal to a wound on the lower arm. [3] An organism that is round or not symmetrical may have different axes. Because the sacrum and coccyx are fused, they are not often used to provide the location. [30] Thus the upper arm in humans is proximal and the hand is distal. b of a part of the brain : anterior, ventral. Similarly, a perpendicular transverse axis can be defined by points on opposite sides of the organism. Several terms are commonly seen and used as prefixes: Other terms are used as suffixes, added to the end of words: Superior (from Latin super 'above') describes what is above something[21] and inferior (from Latin inferus 'below') describes what is below it. For improved clarity, the directional term palmar (from Latin palma 'palm of the hand') is usually used to describe the front of the hand, and dorsal is the back of the hand. These allow parties that use anatomical terms, such as anatomists, veterinarians, and medical doctors to have a standard set of terms to communicate clearly the position of a structure. The following positional descriptions are used for rodent nomenclature and, therefore, are used in the manuscript: rostral refers to towards the head while caudal refers to towards the tail; ventral refers to the front while dorsal refers to the back (10). Other Words from rostral Example Sentences Learn More about rostral. For other uses, see, "Proximal" and "distal" redirect here. The retained deciduous canine in Photo 1 is caudal to the adult canine. 35 Terms. Cholinergic stimulation of rostral and caudal substantia nigra pars compacta produces opposite effects on circling behavior and striatal dopamine release measured by brain microdialysis. Aurelia aurita, another species of jellyfish, showing multiple radial and medio-peripheral axes, The sea star Porania pulvillus, aboral and oral surfaces, Special terms are used for spiders. [24] For example, in a dog the nose is anterior to the eyes and the tail is considered the most posterior part; in many fish the gill openings are posterior to the eyes but anterior to the tail. For example, in a human, the arms are lateral to the torso. Similarly, in spherically symmetrical organisms, there is nothing to distinguish one line through the centre of the organism from any other. Find another word for astral. Prolateral refers to the surface of a leg that is closest to the anterior end of an arachnid's body. [1] This means descriptions as if the organism is in its standard anatomical position, even when the organism in question has appendages in another position. rostral (adjective) rostral column. What is the term Tailward in anatomy and physiology? Our study has also investigated the rol … Find 12 ways to say rostrum, along with antonyms, related words, and example sentences at Thesaurus.com, the world's most trusted free thesaurus. https://www.synonyms.com/antonyms/rostral. phrases. Synonyms (Other Words) for Rostral & Antonyms (Opposite Meaning) for Rostral. These terms refer to the distance of a structure from the surface. Superficial (from Latin superficies 'surface') describes something near the outer surface of the organism. “Halsman suggested the idea for this picture to Salvador Dalí after seeing his painting in which … Feed material is pushed thru the hole and into the paranasal sinus. For the linguistic terms, see. In invertebrates, the large variety of body shapes presents a difficult problem when attempting to apply standard directional terms. [46][47] For example, the terms "distal" and "proximal" are also redefined to mean the distance away or close to the dental arch, and "medial" and "lateral" are used to refer to the closeness to the midline of the dental arch. Radially symmetrical organisms include those in the group Radiata – primarily jellyfish, sea anemones and corals and the comb jellies. [2], The dorsal (from Latin dorsum 'back') surface of an organism refers to the back, or upper side, of an organism. In such organisms, the end with a mouth (or equivalent structure, such as the cytostome in Paramecium or Stentor), or the end that usually points in the direction of the organism's locomotion (such as the end with the flagellum in Euglena), is normally designated as the anterior end. [1][37] For example, in skin, the epidermis is superficial to the subcutis. 2 : situated toward the oral or nasal region: such as. Photo 1 2. situated toward a rostrum (oral and nasal region). Structures may be described as being at the level of a specific spinal vertebra, depending on the section of the vertebral column the structure is at. Astral: of or relating to the stars. [68], Aspects of spider anatomy; This aspect shows the mainly prolateral surface of the anterior femora, plus the typical horizontal eye pattern of the Sparassidae, Typical arrangement of eyes in the Lycosidae, with PME being the largest, In the Salticidae the AME are the largest, Standard terms for unambiguous description of relative placement of body parts, "Anterior" redirects here. Peripheral (from Latin peripheria, originally from Ancient Greek) describes something further away from the centre of something. If talking about the skull, the dorsal side is the top. [48], Several anatomical terms are particular to the hands and feet.[2]. [42][43][44] In humans, "cranial" and "cephalic" are used to refer to the skull, with "cranial" being used more commonly. Hernández-López S(1), Góngora-Alfaro JL, Martínez-Fong D, Rosales MG, Aceves J. mid-air. For example, structures at the level of the fourth cervical vertebra may be abbreviated as "C4", at the level of the fourth thoracic vertebra "T4", and at the level of the third lumbar vertebra "L3". Many anatomical terms can be combined, either to indicate a position in two axes simultaneously or to indicate the direction of a movement relative to the body. 'left'). Thus, there are multiple possible radial axes and medio-peripheral (half-) axes. above, toward the head. [1], For humans, one type of vertebrate, and other animals that stand on two feet (bipeds), terms that are used are different from those that stand on four (quadrupeds). [3] Example axes are: Examples of axes in specific animals are shown below. [44], Some elongated protists have distinctive ends of the body.
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