She decided to rely on her father's advice to retain his counselors and to defer to her husband, whom she considered to be more experienced, on other matters. [130] The punishments included whipping, deportation, or even the death penalty. [101] The expulsion orders were only retracted in 1748 due to pressures from other countries, including Great Britain. [12] Her father allowed her to attend meetings of the council from the age of 14 but never discussed the affairs of state with her. The eldest surviving daughters of Maria Theresa's children were, In a letter to Joseph, she wrote: "What, without a dominant religion? Throughout the city prayers were made for her recovery, and the sacrament was displayed in all churches. Maria Theresia, Teil eins und zwei heute; Teil drei und vier morgen, jeweils ab 20.15 Uhr bei Arte Quelle: F.A.Z. However, the latter did not apply to Hungary with its associated territories, the Austrian Netherlands or Lombardy, in which separate administrations continued to exist. [21] The couple were married on 12 February 1736. Hungarian and Croat light hussars led by Count Hadik raided Berlin in 1757. [31], Immediately after her accession, a number of European sovereigns who had recognised Maria Theresa as heir broke their promises. [20] Louis XV of France demanded that Maria Theresa's fiancé surrender his ancestral Duchy of Lorraine to accommodate his father-in-law, Stanisław I, who had been deposed as King of Poland. [37], The first display of the new queen's authority was the formal act of homage of the Lower Austrian Estates to her on 22 November 1740. Mai 2017 den Höhepunkt des zu ihren Ehren vom ORF gestalteten Programmschwerpunkts. [169][170] Her longtime rival Frederick the Great, on hearing of her death, said that she had honored her throne and her sex, and though he had fought against her in three wars, he never considered her his enemy. Joseph, however, was never able to establish rapport with the same advisers, even though their philosophy of government was closer to Joseph's than to Maria Theresa's. [73] Although Silesia remained under the control of Prussia, a new balance of power was created in Europe, and Austrian position was strengthened by it thanks to its alliance with the Bourbons in Madrid, Parma and Naples. Joseph himself often threatened to resign as co-regent and emperor, but he, too, was induced not to do so. [7] France, Spain, Saxony, Bavaria and Prussia later reneged. [3] It was clear that Maria Theresa would outrank them,[3] even though their grandfather, Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I, had his sons sign the Mutual Pact of Succession, which gave precedence to the daughters of the elder brother. Austria had to leave the Prussian territories that were occupied. In defiance of the grave situation, she managed to secure the vital support of the Hungarians for the war effort. Finally, the war was concluded by the Treaty of Hubertusburg and Paris in 1763. The baby´s body was placed in the Summer Room in Schönbrunn Palace (like other newborn children), so that the members of the court might assure themselves that she was a normal child and not malformed, but was not formally displayed. She began addressing the Diet in Latin, and she asserted that "the very existence of the Kingdom of Hungary, of our own person and children, and our crown, are at stake. Journey through the different epochs of Habsburg history from the Middle Ages to the First World War. It was assumed that she had caught the infection when she went with her mother to pray in the Imperial Crypt next to the unsealed tomb of Empress Maria Josepha (Joseph´s wife). [13] Even though he had spent the last decades of his life securing Maria Theresa's inheritance, Charles never prepared his daughter for her future role as sovereign. The second and eldest surviving child of Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI and Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Archduchess Maria Theresa was born on 13 May 1717 in Vienna, a year after the death of her elder brother, Archduke Leopold,[1] and was baptised on that same evening. The Jesuits were powerful and influential in the early years of Maria Theresa's reign. A decisive part in these reforms was played by Count Leopold von Daun, on whose initiative the Theresian Military Academy in Wiener Neustadt was established to train a new generation of officers on the most up-to-date principles. Collected themes - browse stories and anecdotes from the history of the Habsburg Monarchy. [b] Maria Theresa developed a close relationship with Countess Marie Karoline von Fuchs-Mollard, who taught her etiquette. Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina (German: Maria Theresia; 13 May 1717 – 29 November 1780) was the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions, ruling from 1740 until her death in 1780. Maria Theresia , Alfred von Arneth. [58] Charles Albert was unanimously elected Holy Roman Emperor on 24 January 1742, which made him the only non-Habsburg to be in that position since 1440. She criticized Maria Carolina for her political activities, Ferdinand for his lack of organization, and Maria Amalia for her poor French and haughtiness. Little more than a year after her birth, Maria Theresa was joined by a sister, Maria Anna, and another one, named Maria Amalia, was born in 1724. [30], Charles VI died on 20 October 1740, probably of mushroom poisoning. These included the abolition of internal tariffs with the goal of joining the individual Lands of the Monarchy in a large-scale economic area with unitary rules. Maria Theresia – Powerfrau des Barock. In 1777, she abandoned the idea of expelling Moravian Protestants after Joseph, who was opposed to her intentions, threatened to abdicate as emperor and co-ruler. Even though Francis Stephen was his favourite candidate for Maria Theresa's hand,[16] the Emperor considered other possibilities. Somewhat surprisingly, the nobles were supported by Maria Theresa´s son and co-ruler Joseph II, who had earlier called for the abolition of serfdom. Buy Die Regentschaft Maria Theresias zwischen Reformen und Machterhalt (German Edition): Read Kindle Store Reviews - Amazon.com
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